“You basically are squeezing them through tiny little orifices to form these nanodroplets,” explained Andrey Zarur, the co-founder of Greenlight Biosciences, a company working on RNA-based vaccines. At the same time, the facility where this happens also has to be pristine. “[There are] people walking around in bunny suits having gone through a sterile door, and suiting up in that sterile door, having covered everything [and] breathing through respirators,” he explains.

“I don’t want to give you the impression that once we solve the lipid nanoparticle issue, then the 16 billion doses for humanity are solved,” said Zarur, of Greenlight Biosciences. “Because the reality is, we solve that bottleneck, and then we’ll find another bottleneck.”

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• 
  The National: Africa needs to be self-reliant in vaccine production
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  Amin Khan welcomed as Chief Scientific Officer, Human Health
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  Financial Times: How to vaccinate the world
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  GreenLight partners with Fraunhofer IME
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  A blueprint to vaccinate the world
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  The Economist: Novel vaccines performed well