Andrey Zarur, head of GreenLight Biosciences, said ingredients stockpiled ahead of vaccine approvals would supply the first 1bn-2bn doses, but bottlenecks would emerge after that.

Challenges include sourcing items ranging from DNA molecules to lipid nanoparticles — the microscopic oily droplets that deliver the vaccine’s active mRNA ingredient — he said. “Pfizer and Moderna have kicked off conversations with suppliers like Trilink, Aldevron and New England Biolabs to answer the challenge, but it will require government and deep cross-industry co-operation to make it work.”

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• 
  The Economist: RNA for Bees and Crops
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  GenEdge: GreenLight Strives for Global RNA Equity
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  The National: Africa needs to be self-reliant in vaccine production
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  Amin Khan welcomed as Chief Scientific Officer, Human Health
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  Financial Times: How to vaccinate the world
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  GreenLight partners with Fraunhofer IME